How does aging generally affect metabolism?

Aging generally leads to a slower metabolism due to several physiological changes that occur in the body over time. As individuals age, there is a decrease in muscle mass, which plays a significant role in maintaining a healthy metabolic rate. Muscle tissue is more metabolically active than fat tissue, so a reduction in muscle mass typically results in a lower basal metabolic rate. Additionally, changes in hormonal levels, particularly those involving thyroid hormones and sex hormones, can also contribute to a diminished metabolic rate as one ages.

Moreover, older adults may experience decreased physical activity levels and changes in dietary habits, which further influence metabolism. These factors combined can result in a decrease in energy expenditure, making it essential for older adults to be mindful of their nutritional intake to prevent unwanted weight gain or loss of lean body mass, both of which can negatively affect overall health. Understanding the relationship between aging and metabolism is crucial for gerontological nutritionists when designing dietary recommendations tailored to the needs of older adults.